{"id":435,"date":"2025-11-29T03:29:05","date_gmt":"2025-11-28T21:59:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/?p=435"},"modified":"2025-12-05T00:22:09","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T18:52:09","slug":"jainism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/indian-history\/history-of-ancient-india\/ancient-notes\/jainism\/","title":{"rendered":"Jainism"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/indian-history\/history-of-ancient-india\/ancient-notes\/jainism\/#JAINISM_%E2%80%94_Ultra_Quick_Memory_Notes\" >JAINISM \u2014 Ultra Quick Memory Notes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/indian-history\/history-of-ancient-india\/ancient-notes\/jainism\/#2_What_Jainism_Teaches\" >2) What Jainism Teaches<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/indian-history\/history-of-ancient-india\/ancient-notes\/jainism\/#3_Jain_Canon_Texts_%E2%80%94_%E2%80%9C4%E2%80%936%E2%80%9312%E2%80%9310%E2%80%936%E2%80%932%E2%80%9D_hack\" >3) Jain Canon (Texts) \u2014 \u201c4\u20136\u201312\u201310\u20136\u20132\u201d hack<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/indian-history\/history-of-ancient-india\/ancient-notes\/jainism\/#4_Organization_Practice\" >4) Organization &amp; Practice<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/indian-history\/history-of-ancient-india\/ancient-notes\/jainism\/#5_Spread_Famine_Split_Remember_%E2%80%9CFamine_%E2%86%92_South_%E2%86%92_Split%E2%80%9D\" >5) Spread, Famine &amp; Split (Remember \u201cFamine \u2192 South \u2192 Split\u201d)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/indian-history\/history-of-ancient-india\/ancient-notes\/jainism\/#6_Councils\" >6) Councils<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/indian-history\/history-of-ancient-india\/ancient-notes\/jainism\/#7_Royal_Patronage\" >7) Royal Patronage<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/indian-history\/history-of-ancient-india\/ancient-notes\/jainism\/#8_Symbols_Places\" >8) Symbols, &amp; Places<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/indian-history\/history-of-ancient-india\/ancient-notes\/jainism\/#9_Jainism_vs_VedicBuddhist_fast_contrasts\" >9) Jainism vs. Vedic\/Buddhist (fast contrasts)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/indian-history\/history-of-ancient-india\/ancient-notes\/jainism\/#10_10-Second_Flash_Cards\" >10) 10-Second Flash Cards<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"JAINISM_%E2%80%94_Ultra_Quick_Memory_Notes\"><\/span>JAINISM \u2014 Ultra Quick Memory Notes <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\">1) Core Timeline &amp; People<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>24 Tirthankaras<\/strong> (\u201cford-makers\u201d across the cycle of rebirth).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1st:<\/strong> <strong>Rishabhanatha<\/strong> (\u0100din\u0101tha) \u2014 symbol <strong>Bull<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>23rd:<\/strong> <strong>Parshvanatha<\/strong> (Varanasi; <strong>8th\/7th c. BCE<\/strong>) \u2014 symbol <strong>Serpent-hood (7 hoods)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>24th:<\/strong> <strong>Vardhamana Mahavira<\/strong> (<strong>539\u2013467 BCE<\/strong>*) \u2014 symbol <strong>Lion<\/strong>.<br><em>(Dates vary in sources; keep 539\u2013467 BCE per your note.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>All Tirthankaras were Kshatriyas<\/strong> by birth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mahavira \u2014 life at a glance (remember <strong>\u201cK-30-13-42-72\u201d<\/strong>)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Birth:<\/strong> <strong>K<\/strong>undagrama near <strong>Vaishali<\/strong> (K = Kundagrama).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>30:<\/strong> Renounced; became wandering ascetic; practiced self-mortification.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>13:<\/strong> Years of penance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>42:<\/strong> Kevala-j\u00f1\u0101na (omniscience) at <strong>Jrimbhikagrama<\/strong> under a <strong>\u015a\u0101l<\/strong> tree \u2192 called <strong>Mah\u0101v\u012bra \/ Jina \/ Jitendriya \/ Niga\u1e47\u1e6dha \/ Kevalin<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>72:<\/strong> <strong>Nirv\u0101\u1e47a at P\u0101v\u0101 (P\u0101v\u0101puri, near R\u0101jagriha)<\/strong> after <strong>~30 years<\/strong> of preaching.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Family:<\/strong> Father <strong>Siddh\u0101rtha<\/strong> (Jnatrika clan head), Mother <strong>Trishal\u0101<\/strong> (sister of <strong>Lichchhavi Chetaka<\/strong>); Married <strong>Ya\u015bod\u0101<\/strong>; daughter <strong>Anojja\/Priyadar\u015ban\u0101<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_What_Jainism_Teaches\"><\/span>2) What Jainism Teaches<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>No creator God<\/strong>; universe runs by <strong>cause-effect<\/strong> (natural law).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Soul (j\u012bva) is eternal<\/strong>; <strong>karma<\/strong> binds the soul \u2192 <strong>transmigration<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Goal:<\/strong> Free the soul from karma \u2192 <strong>Kevala-j\u00f1\u0101na<\/strong> \u2192 <strong>Mok\u1e63a<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Austerity &amp; non-violence<\/strong> central; <strong>equality of all souls<\/strong> (but <strong>caste not explicitly abolished<\/strong> like Buddhism).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Good\/Bad by action (karma), not birth<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2A) Two Broad Categories of Reality<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>J\u012bva<\/strong> (conscious, living)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aj\u012bva<\/strong> (non-living: matter, motion, rest, space, time, etc.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2B) <strong>Three Jewels (Tri-ratna)<\/strong> = <strong>Right Faith + Right Knowledge + Right Conduct<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Right Conduct<\/strong> = <strong>Five Great Vows (Mah\u0101-vratas)<\/strong> for ascetics (householders keep them as <strong>Anu-vratas<\/strong> = smaller forms):\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ahimsa<\/strong> (non-violence)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Satya<\/strong> (truth)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Asteya<\/strong> (non-stealing)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Brahmacharya<\/strong> (celibacy\/chastity)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aparigraha<\/strong> (non-possession \/ non-acquisitiveness)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2C) High-value philosophy (one-liners to quote)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Anek\u0101ntav\u0101da<\/strong> \u2014 reality is many-sided (no single absolute viewpoint).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sy\u0101dv\u0101da<\/strong> \u2014 \u201cmay-be-ism\u201d: sevenfold predication (sy\u0101t asti, n\u0101sti, etc.).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nayav\u0101da<\/strong> \u2014 partial standpoints; truth seen from specific perspectives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2D) Karma &amp; Conduct \u2013 fast facts<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Karma = subtle material particles<\/strong> that cling to the soul via <strong>ka\u1e63\u0101yas<\/strong> (anger, pride, deceit, greed).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tapas (austerities)<\/strong>: external (fasting, limited food, etc.) + internal (repentance, humility, meditation).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sallekhan\u0101 (Santh\u0101ra)<\/strong>: voluntary peaceful fasting to death\u2014<strong>vowed, disciplined<\/strong> end-of-life practice in Jain ethics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Jain_Canon_Texts_%E2%80%94_%E2%80%9C4%E2%80%936%E2%80%9312%E2%80%9310%E2%80%936%E2%80%932%E2%80%9D_hack\"><\/span>3) Jain Canon (Texts) \u2014 \u201c<strong>4\u20136\u201312\u201310\u20136\u20132<\/strong>\u201d hack<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Jain \u0100gamas<\/strong> (canon based on Mahavira\u2019s teachings). \u015avet\u0101mbara count <strong>46<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>12 A\u1e45gas<\/strong> (core)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>12 Up\u0101\u1e45gas<\/strong> (explanations of A\u1e45gas)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>10 Prak\u012br\u1e47akas<\/strong> (misc. topics)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>6 Cheda-s\u016btras<\/strong> (discipline for monks\/nuns)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>4 M\u016bla-s\u016btras<\/strong> (basic texts for early monkhood)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2 C\u016blik\u0101-s\u016btras<\/strong> (appendices enhancing A\u1e45gas)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Sect view on texts:<\/strong><br><strong>\u015avet\u0101mbara<\/strong>: preserve <strong>A\u1e45gas<\/strong>.<br><strong>Digambara<\/strong>: <strong>original A\u1e45gas lost<\/strong>; rely on later works (e.g., <strong>Kundakunda<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Organization_Practice\"><\/span>4) Organization &amp; Practice<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fourfold Sa\u1e45gha<\/strong>: <strong>Monks, Nuns, Laymen, Laywomen<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Language of preaching:<\/strong> <strong>Pr\u0101krit<\/strong> (common people\u2019s speech), not Sanskrit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Women &amp; \u015a\u016bdras admitted<\/strong> to the order (important for social reach).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:32px\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Spread_Famine_Split_Remember_%E2%80%9CFamine_%E2%86%92_South_%E2%86%92_Split%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>5) Spread, Famine &amp; Split (Remember <strong>\u201cFamine \u2192 South \u2192 Split\u201d<\/strong>)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>~200 years post-Mahavira:<\/strong> a <strong>severe famine<\/strong> in the Ganga valley.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bhadrab\u0101hu + Chandragupta Maurya<\/strong> led a group <strong>south to Karnataka<\/strong> (\u015arava\u1e47abe\u1e37go\u1e37a).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sthulabhadra\/Sth\u016blab\u0101hu<\/strong> remained in the north.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Code change (allowing white clothing)<\/strong> in the north \u2192 <strong>sectarian split<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Two Main Sects<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u015avet\u0101mbara<\/strong> (\u201cwhite-clad\u201d) \u2014 <strong>North<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Accept <strong>white robes<\/strong>; <strong>allow nuns<\/strong>; <strong>A\u1e45gas preserved<\/strong> (per their view).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sub-sects<\/strong>: <strong>M\u016brtip\u016bjaka<\/strong>, <strong>Sth\u0101nakav\u0101s\u012b<\/strong>, <strong>Ter\u0101panth\u012b<\/strong>, plus <strong>Gacchas (traditions)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Digambara<\/strong> (\u201csky-clad\u201d) \u2014 <strong>South<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nudity for monks<\/strong>, <strong>strict asceticism<\/strong>; <strong>women need male rebirth<\/strong> for Kevala (sect position); <strong>A\u1e45gas lost<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sub-sects<\/strong>: <strong>Bisapantha, Terapantha, Taranapantha, Gumanapantha, Totapantha, Kanjipantha<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Iconic site:<\/strong> <strong>\u015arava\u1e47abe\u1e37go\u1e37a<\/strong> (Karnataka) \u2014 <strong>Gommate\u015bvara (Bahubali)<\/strong> monolith.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Councils\"><\/span>6) Councils<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1st Council<\/strong> \u2014 <strong>P\u0101\u1e6daliputra<\/strong>, <strong>3rd c. BCE<\/strong>; <strong>president: Sth\u016blab\u0101hu<\/strong>; <strong>12 A\u1e45gas compiled<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2nd Council<\/strong> \u2014 <strong>Vallabhi (Gujarat)<\/strong>, <strong>512 CE<\/strong>; <strong>president: Devardhiga\u1e47i<\/strong>; redaction\/preservation of \u015avet\u0101mbara canon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Royal_Patronage\"><\/span>7) Royal Patronage<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>South:<\/strong> <strong>Kadamba<\/strong>, <strong>Ganga<\/strong> dynasties; <strong>Rashtrakuta Amoghavarsha<\/strong>; <strong>Chaulukya (Solanki) Kumarapala<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>North\/East:<\/strong> <strong>Bimbis\u0101ra<\/strong>, <strong>Aj\u0101ta\u015batru<\/strong>, <strong>Chandragupta Maurya<\/strong>, <strong>Bindus\u0101ra<\/strong>, <strong>Kharavela<\/strong> (Kalinga).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Symbols_Places\"><\/span>8) Symbols, &amp; Places<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Symbols:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rishabha<\/strong>\u2014Bull, <strong>Parshva<\/strong>\u2014Serpent-hood, <strong>Mahavira<\/strong>\u2014Lion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Jain emblem<\/strong> often shows <strong>swastika<\/strong> (four states of existence) + <strong>hand (ahimsa)<\/strong> + <strong>three dots<\/strong> (Tri-ratna).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Holy places (Tirthas):<\/strong> <strong>P\u0101v\u0101puri<\/strong> (Mahavira\u2019s nirv\u0101\u1e47a), <strong>Sammed Shikhar\/\u015ar\u012b Par\u015bvan\u0101tha<\/strong> (Jharkhand), <strong>Girnar<\/strong>, <strong>Palitana (Shatrunjaya)<\/strong>, <strong>\u015arava\u1e47abe\u1e37go\u1e37a<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Daily ethics for laity:<\/strong> <strong>Anuvratas<\/strong>, <strong>Gu\u1e47a-vratas<\/strong>, <strong>\u015aik\u1e63\u0101-vratas<\/strong> (graded vows for householders).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Jainism_vs_VedicBuddhist_fast_contrasts\"><\/span>9) Jainism vs. Vedic\/Buddhist (fast contrasts)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Vs Vedic:<\/strong> rejects <strong>sacrifice<\/strong>, <strong>priestly supremacy<\/strong>, <strong>creator God<\/strong>; upholds <strong>karma-mok\u1e63a via self-effort<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vs Buddhism:<\/strong> both non-theistic &amp; ethical; <strong>Jainism stricter on asceticism\/ahimsa<\/strong>; <strong>Buddhism<\/strong> rejects <strong>soul (anatta)<\/strong> whereas <strong>Jainism affirms eternal j\u012bva<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-accent-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6bc77ea6c617925d823e88aa2b0c5430\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_10-Second_Flash_Cards\"><\/span>10) 10-Second Flash Cards <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tri-ratna:<\/strong> Right Faith, Right Knowledge, Right Conduct.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Five vows:<\/strong> Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya, Aparigraha.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Two main sects:<\/strong> \u015avet\u0101mbara (white) vs Digambara (sky-clad).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mahavira code:<\/strong> K-30-13-42-72 (Birthplace, Renunciation, Penance, Omniscience, Age at Nirv\u0101\u1e47a).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>23rd Tirthankara:<\/strong> Parshvanatha (Varanasi).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Language:<\/strong> Pr\u0101krit (not Sanskrit).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Canon count (\u015avet\u0101mbara):<\/strong> 46 texts (12+12+10+6+4+2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>JAINISM \u2014 Ultra Quick Memory Notes 1) Core Timeline &amp; People Mahavira \u2014 life at a glance (remember \u201cK-30-13-42-72\u201d) 2) What Jainism Teaches 2A) Two Broad Categories of Reality 2B) Three Jewels (Tri-ratna) = Right Faith + Right Knowledge + Right Conduct 2C) High-value philosophy (one-liners to quote) 2D) Karma &amp; Conduct \u2013 fast facts &#8230; <a title=\"Jainism\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/indian-history\/history-of-ancient-india\/ancient-notes\/jainism\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Jainism\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ancient-notes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/435","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=435"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/435\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":436,"href":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/435\/revisions\/436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}