{"id":433,"date":"2025-11-29T03:12:14","date_gmt":"2025-11-28T21:42:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/?p=433"},"modified":"2025-12-05T00:22:40","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T18:52:40","slug":"vedic-period-vedic-literature","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/indian-history\/history-of-ancient-india\/ancient-notes\/vedic-period-vedic-literature\/","title":{"rendered":"Vedic Period &amp; Vedic Literature"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/indian-history\/history-of-ancient-india\/ancient-notes\/vedic-period-vedic-literature\/#%F0%9F%8C%B3_MIND_MAP_%E2%80%94_ORIGIN_OF_ARYANS_THE_VEDIC_CIVILIZATION\" >\ud83c\udf33 MIND MAP \u2014 ORIGIN OF ARYANS &amp; THE VEDIC CIVILIZATION<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/indian-history\/history-of-ancient-india\/ancient-notes\/vedic-period-vedic-literature\/#%F0%9F%8C%B3_6%EF%B8%8F%E2%83%A3_EARLY_VEDIC_PERIOD_1500%E2%80%931000_BCE\" >\ud83c\udf33 6\ufe0f\u20e3 EARLY VEDIC PERIOD (1500\u20131000 BCE)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/indian-history\/history-of-ancient-india\/ancient-notes\/vedic-period-vedic-literature\/#%F0%9F%8C%B3_7%EF%B8%8F%E2%83%A3_LATER_VEDIC_PERIOD_1000%E2%80%93600_BCE\" >\ud83c\udf33 7\ufe0f\u20e3 LATER VEDIC PERIOD (1000\u2013600 BCE)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/indian-history\/history-of-ancient-india\/ancient-notes\/vedic-period-vedic-literature\/#%F0%9F%8C%B3_8%EF%B8%8F%E2%83%A3_SOCIAL_INSTITUTIONS\" >\ud83c\udf33 8\ufe0f\u20e3 SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/indian-history\/history-of-ancient-india\/ancient-notes\/vedic-period-vedic-literature\/#%E2%AD%90_QUICK_SUMMARY_SUPER_MEMORY_POINTS\" >\u2b50 QUICK SUMMARY (SUPER MEMORY POINTS)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:23px\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%8C%B3_MIND_MAP_%E2%80%94_ORIGIN_OF_ARYANS_THE_VEDIC_CIVILIZATION\"><\/span>\ud83c\udf33 <strong>MIND MAP \u2014 ORIGIN OF ARYANS &amp; THE VEDIC CIVILIZATION<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:29px\"><strong>1\ufe0f\u20e3 ORIGIN OF THE ARYANS<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Identity<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Aryan = <em>linguistic group<\/em>, not racial.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Belongs to <strong>Indo-European language family<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Migration &amp; Archaeology<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Earliest evidence of Indo-Aryans:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Boghazkoi (Turkey) inscriptions<\/strong> \u2192 mention of Mitanni, Hittites.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hittites entered Asia Minor <strong>before 1950 BCE<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Indo-Europeans known for <strong>horse-drawn chariots<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Horse Evidence Debate<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India: very few early horse remains.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Richard Meadow: <strong>no clear horse evidence before 2000 BCE<\/strong> \u2192 supports migration theory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Religious Parallels<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fire cult<\/strong> common in both Rig Veda and Avesta.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Soma = Haoma<\/strong> (shared Indo-Iranian ritual drink).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Society: <strong>highly patriarchal<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Language<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Vedic Sanskrit<\/strong> closely related to:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Avestan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Greek<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Latin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Old Persian<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Germanic branches<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2\ufe0f\u20e3 VEDIC LITERATURE (STRUCTURE)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Meaning of Veda<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>From root <em>vid<\/em> = \u201cto know\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Represents <strong>sacred knowledge<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Two Major Divisions<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Samhita<\/strong> (hymns)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Brahmana<\/strong> \u2192\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Brahmana<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aranyaka<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Upanishad<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3\ufe0f\u20e3 SAMHITAS (FOUR VEDAS)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Rig Veda<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Oldest text (1500\u20131000 BCE).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1028 hymns \u2192 10 Mandalas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Family Books: Mandala 2\u20137 (oldest).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Key deities: <strong>Indra, Agni, Soma<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Sama Veda<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201cBook of melodies.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Source of Indian classical music.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1500+ songs chanted by <em>udgatri<\/em> priests.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Yajur Veda<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ritual formulas + sacrificial rules.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Two types:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Krishna (black\/mixed)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shukla (white\/pure)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mentions <strong>Rajasuya &amp; Vajapeya<\/strong> rituals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Atharva Veda<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Spells, charms, folk rituals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reflects non-Aryan culture.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Two schools: <strong>Paippalada, Saunaka<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4\ufe0f\u20e3 BRAHMANAS \u2192 ARANYAKAS \u2192 UPANISHADS<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Brahmana<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Detailed explanation of rituals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Priests:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rig \u2192 Hotri<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yajur \u2192 Adhvaryu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sama \u2192 Udgatri<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Aranyaka<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201cForest texts.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Transition from ritual to symbolism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Two major Rig Vedic Aranyakas:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Aitareya<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kaushitaki<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Upanishads<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Philosophical thought: Brahman, Atman, Universe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>12 principal Upanishads<\/strong> attached to the 4 Vedas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5\ufe0f\u20e3 VEDANGAS &amp; SUTRA LITERATURE<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Six Vedangas<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Shiksha<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kalpa<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vyakarana<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nirukta<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chandas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jyotisha<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Sutra Literature<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mnemonic, concise aphorisms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kalpa Sutras:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u015arauta (public rituals)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G\u1e5bihya (domestic rites)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dharma Sutra (social law)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%8C%B3_6%EF%B8%8F%E2%83%A3_EARLY_VEDIC_PERIOD_1500%E2%80%931000_BCE\"><\/span>\ud83c\udf33 <strong>6\ufe0f\u20e3 EARLY VEDIC PERIOD (1500\u20131000 BCE)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Geography<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Center: <strong>Sapta Sindhu<\/strong> (Indus &amp; Punjab region).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Economy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pastoral<\/strong> society; cattle = wealth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dana-stuti hymns praise donors of cows, horses, gold.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Society<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Two varnas: <strong>Arya &amp; Dasa<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Largely tribal, egalitarian structure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Polity<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tribe = <strong>Jana<\/strong>; clan = <strong>Vis<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Raja = tribal chief, not absolute king.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Unit: <strong>Grama<\/strong> (group of families).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%8C%B3_7%EF%B8%8F%E2%83%A3_LATER_VEDIC_PERIOD_1000%E2%80%93600_BCE\"><\/span>\ud83c\udf33 <strong>7\ufe0f\u20e3 LATER VEDIC PERIOD (1000\u2013600 BCE)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Geography<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Expansion into <strong>Western &amp; Middle Ganga plains<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Economy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pastoral \u2192 <strong>agricultural<\/strong> transition.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wet-rice cultivation increases labour specialization.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cattle still symbol of wealth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chief called <strong>Gopati (lord of cattle)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Society<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Emergence of <strong>varna system (4 varnas)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Jati<\/strong> grows as birth-based kin units.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Varna + Jati combine to form caste structure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Polity<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Formation of larger kingdoms: <strong>Kuru, Panchala<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Raja becomes monarch \u2192 <strong>Kshatriya<\/strong> class forms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Battle of Ten Kings (Dasarajna)<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fought on <strong>Parushni (Ravi)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bharatas victorious.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Industry<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Blacksmith (karmara), carpenter (takshan), weaver, goldsmith, healer, barber.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Trade<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Early: barter (cow).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Later: merchant guilds (<strong>Gana \u2192 later Sreni<\/strong>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Early money units: <strong>Nishka, Satamana, Suvarna<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Tax<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bali, Bhaga, Sulka\u2014irregular proto-tax forms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Republics<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Gana<\/strong> = republican clan-based polity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uttarakuru &amp; Uttaramadra: early republics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Assemblies<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Vidatha<\/strong> most popular; both men &amp; women participate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sabha &amp; Samiti become more political.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%8C%B3_8%EF%B8%8F%E2%83%A3_SOCIAL_INSTITUTIONS\"><\/span>\ud83c\udf33 <strong>8\ufe0f\u20e3 SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Varna System<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Based on Purusha Sukta.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Ashrama System<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Brahmacharya<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Grihastha<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vanaprastha<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sannyasa<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Gotra<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lineage from a common ancestor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>First appears in <strong>Atharva Veda<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rule: <strong>Gotra exogamy<\/strong> (no marriage in same gotra).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2192 Position of Women<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Early Vedic<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>High status, free movement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Participated in assemblies &amp; rituals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Widow remarriage allowed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>No child marriage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Learned women: <strong>Gargi, Maitreyi<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Later Vedic<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Reduced political rights.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Child marriage begins.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Daughters seen as economic burden (Aitareya Brahmana).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Social restrictions increase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%AD%90_QUICK_SUMMARY_SUPER_MEMORY_POINTS\"><\/span>\u2b50 QUICK SUMMARY (SUPER MEMORY POINTS)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Aryans = linguistic, not racial.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vedic literature: Samhita \u2192 Brahmana \u2192 Aranyaka \u2192 Upanishad.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rig Veda = oldest Indo-Aryan text.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Early Vedic = pastoral; Later Vedic = agrarian.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Battle of Ten Kings \u2192 Bharatas win.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gotra system appears later; same-gotra marriage banned.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Women: high status early, decline later.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83c\udf33 MIND MAP \u2014 ORIGIN OF ARYANS &amp; THE VEDIC CIVILIZATION 1\ufe0f\u20e3 ORIGIN OF THE ARYANS \u2192 Identity \u2192 Migration &amp; Archaeology \u2192 Horse Evidence Debate \u2192 Religious Parallels \u2192 Language 2\ufe0f\u20e3 VEDIC LITERATURE (STRUCTURE) \u2192 Meaning of Veda \u2192 Two Major Divisions 3\ufe0f\u20e3 SAMHITAS (FOUR VEDAS) \u2192 Rig Veda \u2192 Sama Veda \u2192 Yajur &#8230; <a title=\"Vedic Period &amp; Vedic Literature\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/indian-history\/history-of-ancient-india\/ancient-notes\/vedic-period-vedic-literature\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Vedic Period &amp; Vedic Literature\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-433","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ancient-notes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/433","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=433"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/433\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":434,"href":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/433\/revisions\/434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=433"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=433"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/earningvista.com\/exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=433"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}